., M. et al. 2026. Spatial Framework for Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Assessment and Sustainable Agricultural Risk Mitigation in Batu City: Integrating Social, Economic, Physical, and Ecological Perspectives. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change. 11, 1 (Jan. 2026), 952–965. DOI:https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v11i1.4001.