The Mediating Effect of Supply Chain Transparency Between Blockchain Technology Adoption and Sustainable Supply Chain Performance

Abstract

This paper intends to examine the impact of Blockchain Technology Adoption (BTA) on Supply Chain Transparency (SCT) and Sustainable Supply Chain Performance (SSCP) for Jordanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Using a quantitative research approach, a structured survey was conducted among 142 supply chain professionals across Jordanian SMEs using a census sampling method to achieve coverage. The data collected were analyzed by applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM-4) through SmartPLS-4 software, enabling empirical testing of the conceptual framework and hypotheses. The results show that adopting blockchain technology significantly impacts supply chain transparency and sustainable supply chain performance. In addition, Supply Chain Transparency positively affects Sustainable Supply Chain Performance, adding that visibility and accountability are keys to achieving ethical and environmentally responsible supply chains. Significantly, transparency partially mediates the effect of blockchain adoption on sustainability performance, suggesting that while adoption of blockchain by supply chains directly affects sustainability, this effect is enhanced when transparency in the supply chain is increased. This paper advances the literature on blockchain-enabled supply chains by providing empirical evidence that bridges the technology adoption–sustainability outcomes gap. For practitioners, the findings underline the importance firms must attach to a strategy for blockchain integration aligned to governance frameworks, regulatory compliance, and sustainable environmental goals. Policymakers and industry leaders must devise strategies based on regulations and financial incentives to assist SMEs in adopting blockchain when facing technological and infrastructural challenges.