International Organizations and Youth Unemployment in the MENA Region: Challenges, Initiatives, and Policy Implications

Abstract

Youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remains the highest in the world, posing serious economic and social challenges. This research examines the scope, causes of youth unemployment in MENA, and evaluates the role of international organizations in addressing the issue, using recent data and examples from the region. Through a review of literature and analysis of policy responses, the study identifies key structural factors—such as skills mismatches, public-sector dominance, and regulatory barriers—that contribute to persistently high youth joblessness. It also discusses how international organizations such as the World Bank, International Labor Organization, United Nations agencies, and OECD have responded with programs and policy advice targeting youth employment, including education reforms, skills training initiatives, and support for entrepreneurship. A case example from Tunisia illustrates both the progress and remaining gaps in translating such initiatives into improved employment outcomes. The findings highlight that while global institutions have laid important groundwork (funding projects, providing data, and sharing best practices); sustainable solutions require localized, collaborative approaches that involve public-private partnerships and the active inclusion of youth voices. The paper concludes with recommendations for comprehensive strategies – combining economic reforms, targeted interventions, and governance improvements – to reduce youth unemployment and its associated risks to social stability.