Cross-Strait Religious Influence and United Front Tactics: Insights from Political Economy of Cultural Continuity, and Policy Responses

Abstract

Taiwan's religious communities are greatly influenced by traditional Chinese cultural influences, including Buddhism, Taoism, and folk beliefs. Festivals and rituals not only reflect a rich cultural tradition, but also serve as the bases for ancestor worship and the social fiber of society. Religious customs largely correspond with customs practiced in mainland China, and together they serve as important channels for cross-strait communication. However, religion in Taiwan is not simply an extension of culture. It has increasingly become a contested site for politics. The Chinese government has tried to use united front strategies in religion, through measures like funding temple renovations and inviting religious figures to visit the mainland, to try to affect religious communities and the overall context of society.  This has raised concerns in the Taiwanese government about the independence and integrity of the religious organizations in Taiwan. In response to these concerns, Taiwan has introduced a draft Religious Organizations Act, which aims to increase scrutiny of religious practices and reduce outside interference. The bill focuses on balancing the protection of religious freedoms and support for cultural pluralism, while ensuring that religion continues as a value-added component to civil society. Balancing respect for the sanctity of belief, and standing up to political interference will be important for the future of Taiwan's religious policy.