Towards Sustainable Coastal Tourism: Implementing the Railay Model for Environmental and Stakeholder-Centric Destination Management

Abstract

Coastal tourism serves as a vital mechanism driving the global economy; however, it simultaneously exerts significant pressure on fragile ecosystems. This study aims to develop a sustainable coastal tourism management approach by employing the “Railay Model” as a case study to balance economic growth with environmental conservation. Railay Bay in Krabi Province, Thailand, is a world-renowned tourist destination that continues to face persistent environmental issues, including water pollution, freshwater scarcity, noise pollution, and plastic waste accumulation. This research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing in-depth interviews with 20 key stakeholders from the public sector, private enterprises, local communities, and tourism operators to assess environmental impacts and explore opportunities for integrated management. The conceptual framework of the study draws upon Environmental Impact Theory, Stakeholder Theory, and the Carrying Capacity Concept. The findings reveal that the lack of law enforcement, limited community participation, and insufficient environmental infrastructure are major obstacles to the sustainability of Railay Bay. The study proposes the “Railay Model for Sustainable Coastal Tourism”, emphasizing participatory management, integrated visitor control mechanisms, and green business promotion. This model serves as a prototype for fostering sustainable coastal tourism development in Thailand. Theoretical and practical implications of the study results are discussed.