Kopenting Program: A Cultural Intervention to Improve Adolescent Sexual Health and Prevent Stunting in Rural Indonesia

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Kopenting Program, a culturally embedded community-based intervention designed to transform adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) norms and reduce stunting risk in rural Indonesia. By integrating Malay cultural expressions into health education, the intervention aimed to challenge sociocultural taboos surrounding sexuality and encourage community participation in adolescent health promotion. A quasi experimental pre–post design was conducted across 14 junior and senior high schools in stunting-locus areas of Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province, involving 967 adolescents. The intervention included traditional culturally resonant media like syair-kompang educational media, school-based modules, and community engagement activities focusing on SRH and stunting prevention. Data were collected using validated SRH Knowledge Scales, Attitude Toward Sexual Risk Behavior Scales, and a self-reported behavioral checklist. Quantitative data were analyzed using McNemar tests and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for school clustering effects. Qualitative insights were gathered from students, teachers, and school committees through semi-structured interviews and were thematically analyzed.The program resulted in significant improvements in SRH knowledge, attitudes, and protective behaviors among participants, with all pre–post comparisons demonstrating statistical significance (p < 0.001). Qualitative findings supported these outcomes by highlighting improved family communication, increased acceptance of SRH discussions within culturally appropriate boundaries, and strong school-community endorsement for program sustainability. The Kopenting program demonstrates that culturally grounded health interventions can effectively normalize discussions on sexual health, delay early marriage intentions, and contribute to stunting prevention efforts. This approach offers a scalable and socially acceptable model for similar cultural settings. Future longitudinal evaluations are warranted to assess sustained impacts on behavioral and nutritional indicators. Findings underscore the policy relevance of integrating culturally grounded SRH modules within Indonesia’s national adolescent and stunting prevention frameworks.