Traditional and Non-Traditional Security Issues in Southern Thailand: Impacts on Malaysian Border Development and Governance

Abstract

This study investigates the multifaceted security dynamics along the Malaysia–Thailand border, focusing on Southern Thailand's traditional and non-traditional threats. These include insurgency, economic disparity, human trafficking, education inequity, and cross-border crime, all of which significantly impact Malaysia’s border governance and socio-economic development. Employing a qualitative research approach through interviews and document analysis, the study highlights the need for holistic strategies integrating military, economic, and social responses. It also explores bilateral mechanisms such as the General Border Committee (GBC), Malaysia-Thai Border Coordination Office (MTBCO), and Southern Border Provinces Administrative Centre (SBPAC) as critical instruments of cooperation. The findings suggest that sustainable peace and development require a balanced approach between decentralisation, inclusive policies, and socio-cultural recognition. Malaysia’s role as a peace facilitator and economic partner emerges as vital to conflict resolution and long-term regional stability. This research contributes to understanding borderland security governance and regional collaboration in Southeast Asia.