Bridging the Gap: How can Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Align Development Tools in South African Municipalities?

Abstract

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is typically challenging, and inadequate implementation leads to inefficiencies. These challenges are exacerbated by cognitive dissonance in leadership, as decision-makers may ignore M&E outcomes that contradict stated objectives, resulting in resource misallocation and unmet community needs. The study aim is to highlight the root cause of the inefficiencies. This paper employs a methodology that involves a desktop review of audit findings, case study literature, and SA policy documents from 2019 to 2025. The results reveal that inefficiencies in M&E systems in SA municipalities can be attributed to various factors, including leadership challenges, especially cognitive dissonance in leadership that stems from the country’s historical context. Addressing these challenges requires a nuanced understanding of the context and a commitment to capacity building and institutional strengthening. The study recommends integration of a robust M&E framework that would generate credible review reports at the conclusion of each five-year cycle.