Reframing Performance Measurement in Hybrid Organizations: A Systematic Review and Framework for Context-Sensitive Evaluation

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of performance measurement in hybrid organizations, where financial sustainability and social impact must be simultaneously achieved under institutional complexity. Despite widespread use of frameworks like the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Triple Bottom Line (TBL), current models often fail to adapt to conflicting stakeholder expectations, fragmented accountability systems, and regulatory inconsistencies. Adopting a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, this research synthesizes findings from 30 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2020 and 2024, identified through SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Through a tiered coding analysis, the study classifies key influencing factors into four domains: governance structures, technical challenges, stakeholder engagement, and institutional dynamics. Findings reveal that non-standardized reporting practices, regulatory rigidity, and conflicting institutional logics undermine the reliability, transparency, and adaptability of performance measurement systems in hybrid settings. The study also identifies seven critical performance measures and develops a framework linking them to institutional and stakeholder conditions. The research concludes by emphasizing the need for adaptive, data-driven, and context-sensitive evaluation models. Practical implications suggest that hybrid organizations should integrate stakeholder participation, leverage digital technologies, and adopt flexible frameworks to enhance measurement reliability and strategic alignment. This review provides a foundation for reforming performance evaluation systems and shaping future research in accounting, public policy, and hybrid governance.