Bridging Heritage and Technology: Rethinking Cultural Asset Classification through Digitalisation

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has introduced new complexities in heritage management and classification, affecting traditional UNESCO-based frameworks that distinguish cultural heritage as tangible or intangible. This study employs a systematic literature review to explore how existing classification systems address the evolving forms of digital heritage, highlighting key gaps in hybrid expressions and community involvement. Rather than proposing an entirely new classification system, this study presents a conceptual refinement that functionally distinguishes digitisation (documentation and preservation) from interaction (engagement and participation). Clearly delineating these roles provides heritage professionals and policymakers with practical guidance for integrating digital and traditional heritage assets effectively. This approach emphasises ethical stewardship, supports strategic resource allocation, and encourages meaningful community participation. This study concludes by recommending further empirical validation and policy-oriented collaboration, highlighting the potential of this functional framework to foster more inclusive, sustainable, and innovative approaches to heritage management within the context of ongoing digital transformation.