Effectiveness of Application-Based Motivational Interviewing on Teenagers' Tooth Brushing Practice in Gorontalo City

Abstract

Improper tooth brushing behavior remains a major contributor to oral health problems among adolescents. Correct Tooth Brushing Practice (TBP) is essential for preventing plaque accumulation and dental caries. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of application-based Motivational Interviewing (MI) in improving adolescents' toothbrushing practices. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted among 100 high school students. Participants were divided into an intervention group (n = 50) that received application-based MI counseling for three months and a control group (n = 50) that received conventional health education. MI counseling was delivered to adolescents three times over the course of three months. At each stage, tooth brushing behavior was assessed, and the results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to evaluate within-group changes. Data were collected through direct observation of tooth brushing behavior using a standardized WHO checklist. Results: In the intervention group, correct toothbrushing practice increased from 24% to 88%, while in the control group, it increased from 48% to 68%. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement, with the mean TBP score increasing by 5.18 in the intervention group compared to 1.26 in the control group (p < 0.000). Application-based Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an effective approach for improving adolescents' toothbrushing behavior. This approach is feasible for integration into school-based oral health programs to promote sustainable healthy habits.