The Picture of Consistency in the Vocabulary of Modern Russian Language

Abstract

The purpose of this article "The picture of consistency in the vocabulary of modern Russian language" – is update the classification of lexical-semantic system of relations by D. N. Shmelev, which is crucial for the functional-semantic characteristics of the vocabulary. "Figuring out the nature of the external semantic relations of words is one of the most important objectives of studying the vocabulary of the language. ... these relationships in general can be divided into three main lines: paradigmatic, syntagmatic and derivational (marked D. N. Shmelev. – S. T.) communications." At the same time D. N. Shmelev considers priority only the first two types of semantic relations in the system of semantic analysis of lexical units – paradigmatic and syntagmatic, calling derivational relations "the third dimension", and correlative with paradigmatical and syntagmatic: "The ability of the word to engage simultaneously in different lexical-semantic paradigm (and thus in syntagmatic combinations with other words) finds a match in the pressure variation of the word too, i.e. in the ability of different values to join different derivational series". He also notes that " the study of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in the lexicon allows to justify the selection of elements of word meaning, the individual semantic characteristics, and thus in a new way to illuminate traditional questions of polysemy and homonymy, synonymy and synonymy and semantic groups of words." To achieve this objective, in our view, will contribute to the following tasks: 1. To formulate the concept of consistency of lexical-semantic units; 2. to identify the typology of combining lexical items in certain groups and to uncover the nature of the interaction with each other; 3. to determine what connects lexical units in semantic terms, and what distinguishes them from each other. Thus, the most important selection criterion of synonymy and antonymy as a linguistic phenomenon serve the system relations of words in the lexicon. The system approach allows to penetrate into the depth of this phenomenon, to reveal its regularities, to explain the peculiarities of the use of synonyms and antonyms in speech. In order to identify systemic relations in the vocabulary of the modern Russian language were used descriptive linguistic method, methods of compare and contrast.