Ecotourism in the Páramos of Ayabaca, Piura: Conservation and Community Development

Abstract

High mountain ecosystems such as the Andean páramos represent areas of remarkable biodiversity and provide essential hydrological functions that sustain human well-being. In this context, rural development through ecotourism emerges as a strategic alternative to foster economic growth and reduce social inequalities in vulnerable communities. The present study aimed to evaluate the ecotourism potential of the area by considering its biodiversity and landscapes; to design an ecotourism experience that preserves both natural and cultural values while remaining economically and socially viable; and to identify the economic and social factors influencing the participation of local communities in ecotourism activities. The findings indicate that the Totora-Laguna Azul de la Felicidad route possesses high ecotourism potential, supported by its rich natural and cultural heritage as well as by strong community commitment. The social dimension reveals broad acceptance of the proposed initiatives among community members, along with an emphasis on cultural conservation and collective identity. However, the economic dimension shows limitations, reflected in low levels of formal employment and income generation. It is concluded that ecotourism can be consolidated as a driver of sustainable development, provided that participatory governance, social equity, and local productive diversification are strengthened.