Economic Democracy against Liberal Democracy: The Arab World as a Case Study

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine the distinctions between liberal democracy, rooted in neoliberal capitalist principles, and economic democracy, a concept that has been systematically marginalized—especially in Arab countries undergoing democratic transitions following the so-called Arab Spring. It highlights how this marginalization often resulted from efforts by ruling elites, both Islamist and secular, to secure legitimacy and recognition from Western powers, while neglecting the social and economic demands that fueled the revolutions. Furthermore, the study investigates the instrumental role of Western-funded civil society organizations in shaping these transitions and influencing their outcomes. By focusing on the Arab context, this research sheds light on the broader implications of neoliberalism and colonial legacies on democratic processes.