The Triple Bottom Line Framework of Sustainable Urban Development of Heritage Districts: The Case of Ermita-Malate, Manila and Tiong Bahru, Singapore

Abstract

Urban redevelopment has emerged as a key strategy for economic recovery in the post-pandemic era, particularly in cities with rich historical backgrounds. However, the rapid commercialization of cultural heritage sites has led to challenges such as overtourism, commodification, and the deterioration of historical landmarks. This study examines the urban redevelopment of two heritage districts—Ermita-Malate in Manila, Philippines, and Tiong Bahru Estate in Singapore—through the lens of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework, which balances social, economic, and environmental sustainability. By analyzing historical records, government policies, and site observations, this research highlights the contrasting trajectories of these districts. While Tiong Bahru has successfully integrated heritage conservation with modern urban planning, Ermita-Malate struggles with unchecked commercial expansion and the loss of cultural identity. The findings underscore the need for a sustainable urban planning approach that prioritizes not only economic gains but also social and environmental considerations. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable urban development of heritage districts by proposing an integrated framework that fosters long-term preservation and responsible urban growth.