Strategic Roadmaps in Smart Cities: A Comparison of Bucharest and Konya

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of smart city strategies between Bucharest, Romania (an EU capital) and Konya, Türkiye (a metropolitan city from a developing candidate country). The research aims to elucidate the similarities and differences in their strategic vision, governance models, implementation plans, technological infrastructure, and environmental priorities. Using a thematic analysis of the official strategy documents of both cities (Bucharest 2023-2030; Konya 2022-2030) with MAXQDA software, the study argues that the strategies are shaped by a dynamic tension between “outward alignment” with global standards and “inward embeddedness” in local contexts. The findings reveal that Bucharest’s strategy is pragmatic and deeply aligned with EU policies, emphasizing economic competitiveness, service efficiency, and measurable outputs. In contrast, Konya has adopted a more holistic vision aligned with national strategies, focusing on local identity, cultural values, and innovative leadership. In governance, Konya plans a central agency and multi-layered stakeholder participation, while Bucharest prefers flexible integration with existing administrative structures. Technologically, Bucharest aims for an integrated digital platform, whereas Konya stands out with modular solutions, a cybersecurity center, and advanced technologies like IoT and blockchain. Environmentally, Bucharest focuses on the circular economy and energy efficiency, while Konya’s strategy is shaped by pressing local needs such as water scarcity. The study concludes that smart urbanization is not a universal model; each city develops unique strategic pathways. The examples emphasize the critical importance of cities striking a balance between their integration into global networks and the urgent needs of their local contexts.