Assessment of Patient Awareness of Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Corneal Ulcers and Its Association with Hospital Length of Stay: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Corneal ulcers remain a leading cause of preventable visual impairment worldwide, most commonly arising from infection, trauma, or poor contact lens hygiene. This study aimed to assess patients’ awareness of corneal ulcer risk factors and preventive measures and to examine its relationship with hospital length of stay. A descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 102 inpatients at Jeddah Eye Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected in 2025 using a validated, researcher-developed 28-item questionnaire assessing awareness of risk factors, preventive measures, and general awareness related to corneal ulcers. Participants demonstrated moderate overall awareness (M = 1.24, 62%), with the highest scores in general awareness (66.5%) and the lowest in risk-factor awareness (57.5%). Awareness correlated negatively with hospital length of stay (r = –0.210, p = 0.034) and number of admissions (r = –0.436, p < 0.001). Education level positively predicted awareness (β = 0.280, p = 0.006), whereas age showed a negative effect (β = –0.259, p = 0.011). Awareness was significantly higher among urban residents (p = 0.021). Strengthening targeted educational interventions, particularly for older adults, rural residents, and individuals with lower educational levels, may significantly enhance preventive behaviors, promote timely medical consultation, and reduce hospital length of stay among patients with corneal ulcers. Integrating structured patient education into routine ophthalmic care and discharge planning could further improve clinical outcomes and support sustained eye-health awareness.