Unpacking Innovation Capability: The Roles of Cognitive Flexibility and Innovation Self-efficacy in Interdisciplinary Contexts

Abstract

This study contributes to our understanding of how innovation capacity develops by investigating the cognitive and psychological mechanisms responsible for interdisciplinary engagement. While limited studies have explored the combined role of the above two factors alongside interdisciplinary collaboration experience and innovative psychological capital in response to such innovations, as well as the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms, few have considered their effects on each other. Based on Social Cognitive Theory, this research focuses on the mechanism by which these factors influence innovation capability via cognitive flexibility, and on whether innovative self-efficacy could strengthen this process. A total of 197 university students enrolled in interdisciplinary programmes were surveyed using a structured questionnaire, and the obtained data were analysed using SmartPLS 4.0 based on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings demonstrate that, in both cases, interdisciplinary collaboration and psychological capital significantly impact innovation capability positively, while cognitive flexibility plays a critical mediating role. Additionally, creative self-efficacy positively moderates the relationship between cognitive flexibility and innovation performance. The findings have theoretical implications for the cognitive and motivational mechanisms of innovative behaviour and practical implications for educational design to support adaptability and innovation readiness.