Bridging Skill Gaps in the Palm Oil Workforce: A Mixed-Methods Training Needs Assessment of Plantation Workers in Kampar Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

The palm oil plantation sector remains a central pillar of Indonesia’s agricultural economy, yet persistent gaps in worker competencies hinder productivity, safety, and sustainable practices. This study conducts a comprehensive Training Needs Assessment (TNA) for plantation workers in Kampar Regency one of the country’s major palm oil–producing regions to identify both technical and non-technical skill deficiencies that limit workforce performance. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 20 respondents representing managerial, supervisory, administrative, and field-level roles across 10 companies. Quantitative findings reveal that the most urgent technical training needs include harvesting and processing skills (30%) and occupational safety (30%), while information technology literacy and heavy machinery operations remain secondary but emerging priorities. Non-technical needs are dominated by leadership and team management (35%), followed by problem-solving (25%) and effective communication (15%). Notably, 60% of respondents reported that existing training is insufficient, and 90% expressed the need for technology-based training as plantations shift toward digitalization. The findings highlight significant competency gaps that threaten productivity and the adoption of sustainable and technology-driven practices. This study argues that TNA should be an adaptive, multi-level process aligned with organizational strategy, especially as palm oil companies confront global sustainability standards (ISPO/RSPO). Recommendations include designing tiered training programs, strengthening digital literacy, and enhancing managerial soft skills to support long-term competitiveness in the plantation industry.