An Investigation of Social Factors Influencing Mental Health of Part-Time University Students in Malaysia

Abstract

The mental health of university students has become an increasing global concern, with growing cases of depression and anxiety among this population. In Malaysia, research attention has primarily focused on full-time students, leaving part-time learners relatively understudied despite their greater exposure to stress arising from the combined pressures of work, study, and family responsibilities. This study examines the influence of key social factors family support, peer relationships, workplace stress, social stigma, and virtual learning environments on the mental health of part-time university students in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to part-time students from several higher education institutions. Data were analysed through descriptive, correlational, and multiple regression analyses. The results showed that family support and positive peer relationships played a protective role against symptoms of depression and anxiety, whereas workplace stress and social stigma were significant contributors to poor mental health outcomes. The virtual learning environment demonstrated a moderate impact, reflecting its potential to both facilitate and hinder well-being. The study advances theoretical understanding by applying established social and occupational stress frameworks to a non-traditional student group in Malaysia. It also offers practical implications for universities, employers, policymakers, and mental health professionals to develop flexible support systems, reduce stigma, and implement workplace policies that acknowledge the dual commitments of part-time students.