Family Acceptance and Self-Esteem Moderate the Relationship between Sexual Minority Status and Psychological Distress among Men who have Sex with Men

Abstract

Despite the stressful psychological conditions and social marginalization that men who have sex with men (MSM) experience, surprisingly, some men who identify as sexual minorities report little or no psychological distress. This study analysed the possible moderating effect of family acceptance and self-esteem in the relationship between sexual orientation and mental health. The study sample consisted of 287 MSM aged 18 to 40 years, recruited through online platforms, LGBTQ+ community organizations, and social networks. Indicators of emotional and behavioral difficulties, symptoms of depression, suicidal behavior, well-being, family acceptance, and self-esteem were assessed. Zero-order correlations of all study variables were tested with the study’s dependent variable. Mediating analysis revealed that internalized homonegativity and rejection sensitivity were positively associated with depressive symptoms for those reporting less family acceptance and low self-esteem, but they were not associated for those reporting more family acceptance. Findings further suggest that family acceptance and high self-esteem may be important resilience factors that can shield against psychosocial distress among sexual minorities. Findings of this study highlight the importance of expressing family acceptance and support, which may directly impact self-esteem and well-being and serve as a buffer against minority stress.